RIC VII, TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]

OBVERSE	CONSTANTINVSPFAVG [CONSTANTINVS P F AVG]; bust r., laur., cuir.
REVERSE	MARTICONSERVATORI [MARTI CONSERVATORI]; Bust of Mars r., helmeted and cuirassed.
NOT IN RIC	UNLISTED ISSUE. According to the preliminary study published by Genio popvli romani, not only T|F/PTR emission was continued after the 1/96 reduction [RIC VII TRIER 39-60] but also the emission of unmarked folles with bust of Mars on reverse [RIC VI TREVERI 877-885]. The main problem is to distinguish this later part from the earlier one, issued on the 1/72 standard. As Sutherland wrote in RIC VI (footnote 1 on p. 227): "It is not always easy to distinguish this earlier and heavier unmarked series from the lighter one, with the same types, which appeared after Maximinus' death: the weight-peaks are quite distinct from each other, but the light 'heavies' and the heavy 'lights' inevitably tend to overlap". Probably the most crucial data is not the weight, but the diameter of die (PRD), i.e. pearl ring diameter (which should be not confused with a diameter of flan!). For earlier and heavier coins, issued on the 1/72 standard, we may assume that the diameter of beaded circle is at least 21-22 mm. For lighter coins, issued on the new 1/96 standard, this diameter is significantly smaller - c. 19-20 mm. Keep in mind that diameters given below are usually diameters of flan, so attribution is in many cases uncertain. Note that the 1/96 emission was continued up to 316, which is proven by the die match discovered by Genio popvli romani. Compare obverses of coin from 1/96 emission with Sol [2.99 g; 19-20 mm] and of coin from T|F/ATR emission [2.90 g; 19 mm; TRIER 113]. See also: Lawrence H. Cope, "The sequence of issues in the long T/F series of Constantinian folles minted at Trier, A.D. 309-315", Schweizer Münzblätter 1969, no. 75, pp. 59-66. Listed in Saint-Colombier-en-Sarzeau Hoard (p. 90, no. 4) as a part of 1/96 emission, 313-314. Listed in Collezione Sabetta (p. 49, no. 67). Listed in Collezione Sabetta (p. 51, no. 86). Coin should be listed after TRIER 60. See also: TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1a, bust B5 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1c, bust B3 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1c, bust B4 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1c, bust B5 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1d, bust B3 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1d, bust B4 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars; Ticinum/Aquileia style]; obv. legend 1d, bust B5

NOTES

Weight 3.00 g; diameter 19.5 mm. Sold by CGB E-shop (brm_337886) for EUR 280. Other specimens: - sold by CGB E-shop (brm_489925) for EUR 200; now in Thierry Carion's collection; weight 3.71 g; diameter 20.5 mm [click for picture]; - sold by CGB E-shop (brm_463662) for EUR 150; weight 2.74 g; diameter 22 mm [click for picture] [Thanks to the collaboration of Thierry Carion]; - sold by CGB E-shop (brm_465992) for EUR 250; now in Thierry Carion's collection; weight 4.21 g; diameter 20.5 mm; from the same obv. die as Sabetta coin below [click for picture]; - from Collezione Sabetta (plate 4, no. 86); weight 2.84 g; diameter 19.5 mm [click for picture]; - from the Genio popvli romani Collection; weight 2.90 g; diameter 20 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Leu Numismatik web auction 28 (lot 4498) in December 2023 for CHF 360 (attributed as half follis minted in 310-311); ex Lars Ramskold; weight 2.30 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - from London Ancient Coins auction 48 (lot 229) in December 2015; weight 3.51 g; diameter 19 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Themis Numismatics auction 4 (lot 173) in November 2019 for EUR 38; weight 2.85 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Priapus Numismatics auction 1 (lot 1220) in November 2023 for GBP 44; weight 3.01 g; diametere 21 mm [click for picture]; - sold by CGB E-shop (brm_937700) for EUR 60; weight 3.83 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture] [Thanks to the collaboration of Thierry Carion]; - sold by CGB E-shop (brm_283392) for EUR 195; weight 3.78 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture] [Thanks to the collaboration of Thierry Carion]; - from VAuctions Triskeles auction 31 (lot 323), March 2020; weight 3.66 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - from Saint-Colombier-en-Sarzeau Hoard (plate XXVII, no. 4); weight 3.30 g [click for picture]; - from the preliminary study published by Genio popvli romani; weight 3.45 g; diameter 20.5 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Roma Numismatics eSale 95 (lot 1406) in April 2022 for GBP 45; weight 2.71 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Numismatik Naumann auction 99 (lot 741) in February 2021 for EUR 90; weight 3.47 g; diameter 22 mm [click for picture]; - from the collection of Berkano; weight 3.83 g; diameter 19 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Roma Numismatics eSale 108 (lot 1176) in April 2023 for GBP 75; weight 3.40 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Emporium Hamburg Floor Auction 79 (lot 508) in November 2017 for EUR 60 (diameter of the die unknown; attribution based on weight only); weight 2.90 g [click for picture]; - sold on Agora Auctions auction 107 (lot 123) in September 2022 for USD 60; weight 3.17 g; diameter 20.7 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Leu Numismatik web auction 32 (lot 2285) in December 2024 for CHF 55; weight 3.38 g; diameter 23 mm [click for picture]; - from Bastien-Huvelin (plate VI, no. 333); weight 3.19 g [click for picture]; - from Bastien-Huvelin (plate VI, no. 334); weight 2.91 g [click for picture].