RIC VII, TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]

OBVERSE	IMPCONSTANTINVSAVG [IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG]; bust r., laur., cuir.
REVERSE	MARTICONSERVATORI [MARTI CONSERVATORI]; Bust of Mars r., helmeted and cuirassed.
NOT IN RIC	UNLISTED ISSUE. According to the preliminary study published by Genio popvli romani, not only T|F/PTR emission was continued after the 1/96 reduction [RIC VII TRIER 39-60] but also the emission of unmarked folles with bust of Mars on reverse [RIC VI TREVERI 877-885]. The main problem is to distinguish this later part from the earlier one, issued on the 1/72 standard. As Sutherland wrote in RIC VI (footnote 1 on p. 227): "It is not always easy to distinguish this earlier and heavier unmarked series from the lighter one, with the same types, which appeared after Maximinus' death: the weight-peaks are quite distinct from each other, but the light 'heavies' and the heavy 'lights' inevitably tend to overlap". Probably the most crucial data is not the weight, but the diameter of die (PRD), i.e. pearl ring diameter (which should be not confused with a diameter of flan!). For earlier and heavier coins, issued on the 1/72 standard, we may assume that the diameter of beaded circle is at least 21-22 mm. For lighter coins, issued on the new 1/96 standard, this diameter is significantly smaller - c. 19-20 mm. Keep in mind that diameters given below are usually diameters of flan, so attribution is in many cases uncertain. Note that the 1/96 emission was continued up to 316, which is proven by the die match discovered by Genio popvli romani. Compare obverses of coin from 1/96 emission with Sol [2.99 g; 19-20 mm] and of coin from T|F/ATR emission [2.90 g; 19 mm; TRIER 113]. See also: Lawrence H. Cope, "The sequence of issues in the long T/F series of Constantinian folles minted at Trier, A.D. 309-315", Schweizer Münzblätter 1969, no. 75, pp. 59-66. Coin should be listed after TRIER 60. See also: TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1a, bust B5 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1c, bust B3 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1c, bust B4 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1d, bust B3 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1d, bust B4 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars]; obv. legend 1d, bust B5 TRIER [after 60], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE [Bust of Mars; Ticinum/Aquileia style]; obv. legend 1d, bust B5

NOTES

Weight 3.39 g; PRD diameter 18.5 mm. From Nicola Tammaro's collection. Other specimens: - Sully Hoard II (B); from the collection of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales (no. 2009.24H/4363); weight 3.23 g; diameter 20 mm [click for picture]; - from CGB E-shop (brm_188143); weight 2.75 g; diameter 20 mm [click for picture]; - from eBay, August 2015; weight 3.25 g; diameter 19-20 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Roma Numismatics eSale 39 (lot 870) in August 2017 for GBP 56; sold on CNG eAuction 482 (lot 516) in December 2020 for USD 110; weight 3.31 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Artemide Aste E-Auction 39 (lot 636) in October 2025 for EUR 50; weight 3.35 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture]; - from the Genio popvli romani Collection; note obv. die link to this example of TRIER 74; weight 2.90 g; diameter 20-23 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Artemide Aste E-Auction 29 (lot 716) in October 2023 for EUR 70; weight 3.66 g; diameter 20.5 mm [click for picture]; - sold on CNG eAuction 488 (lot 551) in March 2021 for USD 60; ex Dattari; weight 3.23 g; diameter 22 mm [click for picture]; - from a private collection; weight 2.94 g; PRD diameter 19 mm [click for picture]; - sold on CNG eAuction 466 (lot 539) in April 2020 for USD 120; weight 3.75 g; diameter 24 mm [click for picture]; - from eBay, January 2021; weight 2.40 g; diameter 19.04-20.36 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Bucephalus Numismatik black auction 17 (lot 560) in March 2023 for EUR 10; weight 2.18 g; diameter 20.9 mm [click for picture]; - from Constantine Venetis' collection; weight 2.10 g; diameter 19 mm [click for picture]; - sold on Sol Numismatik auction XXIV (lot 642) in February 2024 for EUR 12; weight 2.93 g; diameter 21 mm [click for picture].